英国爱丁堡大学David A. Lyons团队取得一项新突破。他们揭示了中枢神经系统髓鞘能够承受损伤并动态重塑。相关论文于2026年2月12日发表于国际顶尖学术期刊《科学》杂志上。

在本研究中，团队发现斑马鱼和啮齿动物脱髓鞘模型的早期损伤以髓磷脂肿胀为特征。研究人员通过实时成像显示，髓磷脂肿胀并不总是导致髓磷脂损失，肿胀有时可以消退，允许鞘重塑。在斑马鱼和小鼠中，早期脱髓鞘过程中神经元活动的增加加重了髓鞘损伤，而神经元活动的减少则减轻了髓鞘肿胀。在人类多发性硬化症组织中，髓鞘肿胀也是动态的，在活动性病变周围突出。他们的数据表明，髓鞘肿胀是脱髓鞘的保守特征，髓鞘损伤可以解决，为靶向人类疾病提供了机会。

据介绍，髓磷脂损伤是几种神经系统疾病的标志，但它是如何发生的仍有待充分了解。

附：英文原文

Title: Myelin sheaths in the central nervous system can withstand damage and dynamically remodel

Author: Donia Arafa, Julia van de Korput, Philipp N. Braaker, Kieran P. Higgins, Niels R. C. Meijns, Katy L. H. Marshall-Phelps, Julia Meng, Daniel Soong, Eleonora Scalia, Kyle Lathem, Marcus Keatinge, Claire Richmond, Anna Klingseisen, Marja Main, Sarah A. Neely, David W. Hampton, Greg J. Duncan, Geert J. Schenk, Marie Louise Groot, Siddharthan Chandran, Ben Emery, Antonio Luchicchi, Maarten H. P. Kole, Anna C. Williams, David A. Lyons

Issue&Volume: 2026-02-12

Abstract: Myelin damage is a hallmark of several neurological disorders, but how it occurs remains to be fully understood. In this study, we found that early damage in zebrafish and rodent demyelination models is characterized by myelin swelling. We show, through live imaging, that myelin swelling does not always lead to myelin loss and that swellings can sometimes resolve, allowing sheaths to remodel. Increased neuronal activity during early demyelination exacerbates myelin damage, whereas reducing neuronal activity mitigates myelin swelling in both zebrafish and mice. In human multiple sclerosis tissue, myelin swelling is also dynamic and is prominent around active lesions. Our data indicate that myelin swelling is a conserved feature of demyelination and that damage to myelin sheaths can resolve, opening opportunities for targeting human disease.

DOI: adr4661

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr4661