近日，美国Quantinuum公司M. Foss-Feig团队实现了捕获离子量子计算机上的数字量子磁性。2026年4月29日，该研究成果在《自然》杂志发表。

数字量子物质——即通过离散量子门近似连续时间演化所实现的体系——容易因加热而演变成混沌、无结构的状态。如果数字化误差得到充分抑制，在基于门的量子计算机上可以观测到一种长寿命的瞬态行为，表现出近似能量守恒的动力学。能量守恒特性进而使得人们能够探索平衡体系中观测到的多种复杂行为，从热化过程本身的非平凡微观起源，到具有奇异涌现特性的有效模型的稳定化。

研究组利用Quantinuum的H2量子计算机模拟了量子伊辛模型的数字化动力学，将数字化误差抑制到足以在严重挑战经典模拟方法的时间尺度上观测热化现象。非均匀态的弛豫过程揭示了由于近似能量守恒而涌现的流体动力学，研究组计算了相关的扩散常数。通过将模拟重新编程到具有周期性边界条件的三角形晶格上，观测到了与晶格阻挫导致的涌现规范约束和拓扑约束相一致的热化行为。这些成果得益于双量子门质量的持续提升（原生部分纠缠门保真度达99.94(1)%），并确立了数字量子计算机作为研究（有效）连续时间动力学的强大工具。

附：英文原文

Title: Digital quantum magnetism on a trapped-ion quantum computer

Author: Haghshenas, R., Chertkov, E., Mills, M., Kadow, W., Lin, S.-H., Chen, Y. H., Cade, C., Niesen, I., Begui, T., Rudolph, M. S., Cirstoiu, C., Hmery, K., Mc Keever, C., Lubasch, M., Granet, E., Baldwin, C. H., Bartolotta, J. P., Bohn, M., Burau, J. J., Cline, J., DeCross, M., Dreiling, J. M., Foltz, C., Francois, D., Gaebler, J. P., Gilbreth, C. N., Gray, J., Gresh, D., Hall, A., Hankin, A., Hansen, A., Hewitt, N., Holliman, C. A., Hutson, R. B., Iqbal, M., Kotibhaskar, N., Lehman, E., Lucchetti, D., Madjarov, I. S., Mayer, K., Milne, A. R., Moses, S. A., Neyenhuis, B., Park, G., Perry, A. R., Ponsioen, B., Schecter, M., Siegfried, P. E., Stephen, D. T., Tiemann, B. G., Urmey, M. D., Walker, J., Potter, A. C., Hayes, D., Chan, G. K.-L., Pollmann, F., Knap, M., Dreyer, H., Foss-Feig, M.

Issue&Volume: 2026-04-29

Abstract: Digital quantum matter—realized when discrete quantum gates approximate continuous time evolution—is susceptible to heating into chaotic, structureless states1. If digitization errors are adequately suppressed, a long-lived transient regime of approximately energy-conserving dynamics2,3,4,5,6,7 can be observed on gate-based quantum computers. Conservation of energy, in turn, enables the exploration of a wide variety of complex behaviours observed in equilibrium systems, ranging from the non-trivial microscopic origins of thermalization itself8 to the stabilization of effective models hosting exotic emergent properties. Here we use Quantinuum’s H2 quantum computer9,10 to simulate digitized dynamics of the quantum Ising model, suppressing digitization errors well enough to observe thermalization on timescales that severely challenge classical simulation methods. Relaxation of an inhomogeneous state reveals an emergent hydrodynamics owing to approximate energy conservation and we compute the associated diffusion constant. By reprogramming our simulations to take place on a triangular lattice with periodic boundary conditions, we observe thermalization consistent with emergent gauge and topological constraints resulting from lattice frustration11,12,13. Our results were enabled by continued advances in two-qubit gate quality (native partial entangler fidelities of 99.94(1)%) and establish digital quantum computers as powerful tools for studying (effectively) continuous-time dynamics.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10445-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10445-3