近日，中国科学院植物研究所种康团队的最新研究揭示了CHPO协调水稻的冷却恢复和氮利用。该项研究成果发表在2026年6月17日出版的《自然》上。

在这里，课题组人员发现了一个主要的基因“CHILLING PHOENIX”（CHPO），它决定了抗寒性和抗寒性共同的数量性状位点。它编码一个MYB转录因子，作为协调水稻低温后恢复与氮主题的关键调节因子。GCG-重复编码的聚丙氨酸通道的自然变异改变了CHPO DNA结合偏好，并在粳稻型（CHPOjap）和籼稻型（CHPOind）之间重定向调控输出，在抗寒性和抗寒性方面形成相反的效应。这种等位基因变异是由驯化选择形成的，其中CHPOjap等位基因可能来自中国野生稻。CHPOjap直接靶向OsTCP19和OsNRT2.4，微调NUE，从而增强耐寒性和抗寒性。这些发现为低温诱导的高氮利用模块提供了机制框架，以减轻低温胁迫造成的损害，并为在恢复阶段培育具有低温抗寒性和高氮素利用效率的水稻品种提供了潜在的分子设计策略。

据介绍，全球水稻生产面临着温度异常波动和氮肥驱动的环境污染日益严峻的挑战。开发平衡抗寒性和氮主题效率（NUE）的品种提供了一个有希望的解决方案，但协调这些性状的分子网络仍然知之甚少。

附：英文原文

Title: CHPO coordinates chilling recovery and nitrogen use in rice

Author: Cao, Jie, Xu, Yunyuan, Li, Zhitao, Han, Jingdan, Qian, Qian, Ge, Song, Wang, Hong, Luo, Wei, Chong, Kang

Issue&Volume: 2026-06-17

Abstract: Global rice production faces mounting challenges from abnormal temperature fluctuations and nitrogen-fertilizer-driven environmental pollution1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Developing varieties that balance chilling resilience and nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) offers a promising solution, but the molecular networks coordinating these traits remain poorly understood. Here we identify CHILLING PHOENIX (CHPO), a major gene underlying the quantitative trait locus shared by both chilling tolerance and resilience. It encodes a MYB transcription factor that acts as a key regulator coordinating post-chilling recovery with nitrogen use in rice. Natural variation in a GCG-repeat-encoded polyalanine tract alters CHPO DNA-binding preference and redirects regulatory outputs between the japonica-type (CHPOjap) and indica-type (CHPOind), causing opposing effects on chilling tolerance and resilience. This allelic variation is shaped by domestication selection, with the CHPOjap allele probably derived from Chinese wild rice. CHPOjap directly targets OsTCP19 and OsNRT2.4 to fine-tune NUE, thereby enhancing chilling tolerance and resilience. These findings provide a mechanistic framework for a chilling-induced high-nitrogen-utilization module that alleviates the damage caused by chilling stress, and a potential molecular design strategy for breeding rice varieties with both chilling resilience and high NUE at the recovery stage.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10682-6

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10682-6

期刊信息

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504

官方网址：http://www.nature.com/

投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html