近日，瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院David J. Norris团队报道了用于双向光控制的傅立叶像素。该项研究成果发表在2026年6月24日出版的《自然》杂志上。

数码相机和显示器采用图像元素（像素）执行单一功能：探测或发射光强度。为了充分利用电磁波的完整信息内容，需要更先进的元件。这推动了多功能组件的发展，例如同时探测和发射强度，或提取强度和光谱信息。然而，目前尚不存在既能感知又能生成光波前、并能对振幅、相位和偏振进行全面控制的像素，这限制了复杂光场的双向控制和反馈。

研究组通过展示一种基于傅里叶光学的小型化衍射元件通用平台，展示了实现此类像素的途径。他们利用等离激元表面波，能够在金属表面高效且相干地传播。当这些等离激元被发射向经过简单傅里叶分析设计的波浪形微结构时，即可生成任意且无背景的光波前。相反，入射光可以被感知，并对其振幅、相位和偏振进行全面表征。

通过组合或叠加若干此类组件，研究组创建了多功能“傅里叶像素”，能够对光场进行紧凑而精确的控制。该方法还可扩展至光子波导模式，为矢量可编程像素建立了一种可扩展的通用架构，在自适应光学、全息显示、光通信和量子信息处理等领域具有应用前景。

附：英文原文

Title: Fourier pixels for bidirectional light control

Author: Glauser, Yannik M., Vonk, Sander J. W., Seda, David B., Niese, Hannah, de Jong, Boris, Bidaut, Matthieu F., Bossavit, Erwan, Petter, Daniel, Nagamine, Gabriel, Lassaline, Nolan, Norris, David J.

Issue&Volume: 2026-06-24

Abstract: Digital cameras1 and displays2 use picture elements (pixels3) that perform a single function: detecting or emitting light intensity. To exploit the full information content of electromagnetic waves, more advanced elements are required. This has driven the development of multifunctional components that, for example, simultaneously detect and emit intensity4,5 or extract intensity and spectral information6,7,8. However, no pixel exists that both senses and generates optical wavefronts with full control over amplitude, phase and polarization, limiting bidirectional control and feedback of sophisticated light fields. Here we present a route to such pixels by demonstrating a versatile platform of miniaturized diffractive elements based on Fourier optics9. We use plasmonic surface waves10, which propagate coherently11 and efficiently12,13,14,15 across metallic surfaces. When these plasmons are launched towards wavy microstructures16 designed with simple Fourier analysis, arbitrary and background-free optical wavefronts are generated. Conversely, incoming light can be sensed, and its amplitude, phase and polarization can be fully characterized. By combining or superposing several such components, we create multifunctional ‘Fourier pixels’ that provide compact and accurate control over the optical field. Our approach, which we extend to photonic waveguide modes, establishes a scalable, universal architecture for vectorially programmable pixels with applications in adaptive optics17,18, holographic displays19,20,21, optical communication22,23 and quantum information processing24.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10681-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10681-7

期刊信息

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504

官方网址：http://www.nature.com/

投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html