近日，加拿大麦吉尔大学Christophe Brabant团队报道了淡水生物多样性遭受威胁的全球地理格局。相关论文于2026年10月29日发表在《科学》杂志上。

人类活动持续破坏生物多样性，淡水系统受冲击尤为严重。目前学界在量化物种脆弱性与威胁方面已取得重大进展，但尚不明确各类威胁在全球哪些地方影响着淡水物种。

研究组从物种视角开展威胁空间评估，绘制了对21490种淡水两栖类、鱼类、哺乳类、蜻蜓目及爬行类中45类威胁的空间影响。结果表明，在高强度开发与人工水文调控区，物种普遍遭受多重威胁。尽管不同类群和地区的威胁各不相同，但威胁概率升高将推高灭绝风险、加速种群下降。淡水物种的威胁强度高于陆地物种，空间格局也独具特征。该研究结果为精准开展亟需的淡水保护与管理行动提供了一个空间明确的基线。

附：英文原文

Title: The global geography of threats to freshwater biodiversity

Author: Christophe Brabant, Laura Pollock, Jonas Geldmann, Mette Bendixen, Lise Comte, Harith Farooq, Katherine Hébert, Bernhard Lehner, Catherine A. Sayer, Lars Lnsmann Iversen

Issue&Volume: 2026-10-29

Abstract: Human activities are eroding biodiversity, especially in freshwater systems. Despite major advances in quantifying species vulnerability and threats, we still lack a crucial understanding of where threats are affecting freshwater species globally. Here, we produced a species-centered spatial assessment of threats, mapping the impact of 45 threats across 21,490 freshwater species of amphibians, fish, mammals, odonates, and reptiles. We found that species in highly developed and water-managed regions are strongly affected by multiple overlapping threats. Although threats vary across taxa and regions, increasing threat probabilities elevate extinction risk and population declines, with freshwater species experiencing greater threat intensity and distinct spatial patterns than terrestrial species. Our findings establish a spatially explicit baseline for targeting the most urgently needed freshwater conservation and management interventions.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aeb7910

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeb7910