近日，复旦大学谭鹏团队研究了复杂晶格的双对称引导组装。2026年4月1日，《自然》杂志发表了这一成果。

结合低阶与高阶旋转对称性的复杂晶格是多种功能材料的基础，涵盖从kagome超导体、拉胀机械网络到具有拓扑保护态的光子晶体。然而，组装此类结构通常需要各向异性的颗粒形状、定向键合或完全施加的模板，这些方法往往受到严重的动力学阻碍和缺陷俘获的限制。

研究组引入一种双对称引导（DSG）原理，该原理利用了目标拼砌的几何自对偶性。通过将结构分解为两个相互对偶的低对称性子晶格，并在胶体单层中仅用光阱稀疏地钉扎其中一个子晶格，另一个互补性子晶格便能通过纯各向同性排斥相互作用自发自组织，从而重构出完整的晶格。利用这种最小引导策略，研究组实验上实现了一类广泛的复杂阿基米德晶格以及二维准晶结构，并通过模拟加以验证。

DSG揭示了晶格依赖的热稳定性，同时保持可供移动粒子使用的连通自由体积，从而即使在强钉扎条件下也能实现有效的缺陷弛豫和动力学上可行的组装。他们表明，完全钉扎对应于DSG的一个特殊极限情况，并且在DSG框架内重新表述传统模板方案能够系统地降低动力学势垒并抑制缺陷形成。通过将结构复杂性与相互作用各向异性解耦，DSG为制备具有可编程结构和物理性质的复杂对称材料提供了一条通用且实验上可行的途径。

附：英文原文

Title: Dual-symmetry-guided assembly of complex lattices

Author: Fang, Huang, Li, Xiaotian, Sun, Wensi, Wang, Chengxin, Chen, Nuo, Gan, Yining, Huang, Jiping, Ma, Yuqiang, Tanaka, Hajime, Tan, Peng

Issue&Volume: 2026-04-01

Abstract: Complex lattices that combine low- and high-order rotational symmetries underpin functional materials ranging from kagome superconductors1,2,3 to auxetic mechanical networks4 and photonic crystals with topologically protected states5,6,7. However, assembling such structures typically requires anisotropic particle shapes, directional bonding or fully imposed templates8,9,10,11, which often suffer from severe kinetic frustration and defect trapping. Here we introduce a dual-symmetry-guided (DSG) principle that exploits the geometric self-duality of a target tiling. By decomposing the structure into two mutually dual sublattices of lower symmetry and sparsely pinning only one sublattice using optical traps in a colloidal monolayer, the complementary sublattice spontaneously self-organizes through purely isotropic repulsive interactions, thereby reconstructing the full lattice. Using this minimal guidance strategy, we experimentally realize, and corroborate with simulations, a broad class of complex Archimedean lattices as well as two-dimensional quasicrystalline structures. DSG reveals lattice-dependent thermal stability while preserving interconnected free volume for mobile particles, enabling efficient defect relaxation and kinetically accessible assembly even under strong pinning conditions. We show that full pinning corresponds to a special limiting case of DSG, and that reformulating conventional templating protocols within the DSG framework systematically reduces kinetic barriers and suppresses defect formation. By decoupling structural complexity from interaction anisotropy, DSG provides a general and experimentally accessible route to complex-symmetry materials with programmable structural and physical properties.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10364-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10364-3